Made in Antarctica: ³ÃȤÇÑ Çö½Ç°ú ȯ»óÀûÀÎ ¸ðÇè »çÀÌ (2014)
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Made in Antarctica: Between a Cold Reality and Fantastic Adventure
Kyoungrin Park / Art Critic
The beginning originated from a story that could not begin. The starting point of artist Lee Byung-su's solo exhibition, Made in Antarctica, was perhaps the moment he and I joined together to apply for the Antarctica project (Nomadic Artists Residence Program). Or perhaps it began from a rather sad end, in which even application was impossible after the project dissolved. Wherever that starting point was, the artist gave birth to another project from where one story could not begin.
When we first met in order to go to the South Pole, the most difficult issue was finding an obvious reason and purpose for us to be there. The organizer and artists each had different approach methods and themes. But during the preparation process, we ultimately had to face the inevitable question, "what is art?" What is it to make a work of art? What are the reasons to invest a lot of money and time into an Antarctic expedition? Is it a story that can be initiated only if we go to the South Pole? This was the beginning of the research to go the Antarctica.
Research and management of the South Pole and North Pole are overseen by the Korea Polar Research Institute of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, under the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. The Korea Polar Research Institute supports various technological experiments and research activities including environmental studies on polar areas and the Earth, and exploration of biological and geological resources. In order to carry out their research in Antarctica, scientists write reports and make applications according to given forms. Lee Byung-su adopts the precise form of academic research used by such scientists, and uses it as a framework to make a report for art activity. He carries out his research task not according to logic involving objective material and observational analysis, like a scientist at the "Korea Polar Art Institute," but through imagination and practice. As head of the research project, the artist plays the role of leader and researcher for a study to "visualize possible imagination that occurs in the non-everyday area called polar regions through diverse media in order to present spectators with new experiences."
As there is not only one scientist at a research institute, this project was also completed through collaboration with other artists. 7 Artistic Ways to Respond to the Skua's Attack was carried out together with performance team "Gwanak-MoVE." Skua is a bird, which is called "doduk galmaegi (bandit sea gull)" in Korean. In Antarctica the South Polar skua and brown skua rank at the top of the food chain, living on prey caught by other birds, penguins' food, or eggs, which they steal. They are violent and rough. Gwanak-MoVE cheerfully presents how to avoid a skua attack, which anyone who visits the South Pole is bound to encounter, through imagination and humor. Their countermeasures, which seem very serious, but actually almost useless, is a kind of biological study. Fellow researcher Lee Eunkyung completed The Antarctic Moon, which looks like it contains the trace of the moon seen in the midnight sun of the South Pole.
Prior to the research, in order to go to the harsh environment of Antarctica, various training is required. Through Happy Camper, artist Lee Byung-su experiments on a training session to prepare for an actual white-out situation. The sight of many people moving around inside with white buckets on their heads, relying only on a line, seems funny. This training, which appears useless for becoming a great artist, is carried out very seriously by the people who dream of becoming an artist, or a skilled artist of Antarctical in the future. Not to become an artist, but in order to survive, and in order to become part of the organization called the research institute, everyone must master the training.
While the Happy Camper training ultimately showed an aspect of activities to become a constituent of an organization and adapt to the system, A Closed Hierarchy directly reveals the organizational chart of the Antarctica station. Through this organizational chart, the minimal personnel composition and organization most appropriate for survival and mission accomplishment in the reduced small world called the South Pole is visualized. Personnel who spend the winter in Antarctica besides researchers include heavy-machinery operators, electronic communications personnel, generator specialists, electric facilities personnel, machine managers, cooks and doctors. An artist is not a researcher, or someone necessary to maintain facilities. He/she is not someone necessary for survival. The more the people with vocations that do not belong to any category of the organizational chart try to draw themselves into it somewhere, the more their unstable position as artists, which do not belong anywhere, stand out. A Closed Hierarchy becomes a device to re-question the role of artists in this world, through the allusion of the situation at the South Pole.
Despite such effort, we could not go to the South Pole. But the artist sends us a post card from Antarctica. Like we once wrote on a post card with a clear picture of a tourist attraction on it for someone precious, in the days emails were not so common, the artist prepares post cards that can be sent from the South Pole, which seem to exist only in fantasy, at one side of the gallery. The images in Greetings from Antarctica are photographs of sights and travellers in Antarctica, collected through an Internet search engine. The web has condensed the infinite distance between Seoul and the South Pole. Inside the exhibition space, spectators do not have to actually go to Antarctica to be there. The fantasy of dreams and adventure in the South Pole become everyday life, and the unknown continent becomes a commodity. The South Pole is far, but to humans nature is no longer a space left for imaginations of expeditions or adventure, but a space of reality filled with exploitation and development. The Tip of the Iceberg is tipped unstably between exploration and exploitation.
It has already been more than 2 years. The organizers and artists who wanted to go to Antarctica put their brief dreams behind them, after the project was cancelled, and returned to their daily lives. Antarctica is real, but a non-existent place. Not everyone can go there, but anyone can go, and it is an empty space covered with permanent snow, but can also be an adventurous space filled with someone's imagination. If the function of art is to enable imagination, Antarctica would be a space or art in itself. What does it mean for an artist to visit a space that has already become art? The actual South Pole, however, is a desolate space difficult for living things. Somewhere between survival and ideal, the position of art and the artist also stands perilously. |